Charley horse (or charlie horse) is a popular colloquial term in Canada and the United States for painful involuntary spasms or cramps in the leg muscles, typically lasting anywhere from a few seconds to about a day. It is less likely to refer to a bruise on an arm or leg and a bruising of the quadriceps muscle of the anterior or lateral thigh, or contusion of the femur, that commonly results in a haematoma and sometimes several weeks of pain and disability. In this latter sense, such an injury is known as dead leg. In Australia it is also known as a corked thigh or corky. It often occurs in contact sports, such as football when an athlete suffers a knee (blunt trauma) to the lateral quadriceps causing a haematoma or temporary paresis and antalgic gait as a result of pain.
The term can also be used to refer to cramps in the foot muscles. These muscle cramps can have many possible causes directly resulting from high or low pH or substrate concentrations in the blood, including hormonal imbalances, dehydration, low levels of magnesium, potassium or calcium (although the evidence has been mixed), side effects of medication, or, more seriously, diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuropathy. They are also a common complaint during pregnancy.
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Treatment
Relief is usually given by either massaging or stretching the foot, ankle or knee in the opposite direction of the spasm.
Colloquial advice suggests that dietary deficiency of potassium, found richly in bananas and many vegetables, is a common cause of these spasms.
In other languages
Since this condition is frequent, and the official medical term muscle cramps is used to describe cramps in general, this term is often idiomatic. Many languages have their own idioms to describe this condition, often beyond official medical terminology:
- Afrikaans: Lammie ("lame leg")
- Arabic: ?? ????
- Brazil: tostão, paulistinha or cãimbra (cramp).
- China: choujin (??), pulling veins.
- Denmark: trælår ("wooden thigh"), both referring to how the thigh feels hard, almost like wood.
- Estonia: puukas ("a woody").
- Finland: puujalka ("wooden leg").
- France: crampe (cramp) or if the muscle is torn - claquage.
- Germany: Krampf ("cramp")
- Guam and the Mariana Islands: chaca ("rat") in the Chamorro language.
- India (Hindi): Baita.
- India (Telugu): timmiri.
- Israel: regel etz ("wooden leg").
- Italy (southern): morso del ciuco ("donkey bite").
- Italy (northwestern): vecchia ("old woman") or dura ("hard one" or "tough one").
- Italy (central): water buffalo.
- Japan: komuragaeri (?????) ("calf cramp").
- Malay: tarik mengkarung or simpul biawak ("lizard knot")
- Malta: bug?awwie?
- Nepal: "khutta baudinu".
- Netherlands: ijsbeentje ("ice leg").
- Norway: lårhøne ("thigh hen"), though in Norwegian only as a result of damage as in sports.
- Philippines: "pulikat" (cramp) or "pulikatin" (to cramp) or "pinulikat" (to have cramped).
- Portugal: paralítica (roughly "paralyzer") and cãimbra (cramp).
- Romania: cârcel.
- Russian: ????? (e.g. "???? ?????", "???? ?????") as translated as overstretched leg or overstretched hand
- Spain, Colombia, Dominican Republic (Spanish): calambre.
- Sweden: lårkaka ("a thigh cake"), likely referring to the diffuse area of bruising, and loss of muscle tone, or Sendrag ("tendon pull").
- Turkey: "kramp girmek" (to cramp) or "et kesmek" ("turn into meat")
- Ukraine: ????? (e.g. "????? ????", "????? ????") as translated as overstretched leg or overstretched hand
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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